Africa is hot because it's close to the big, warm sun ☀️! The North is cold because it's far away from the sun and gets less sunshine. Imagine the Earth is like a big ball, and the sun shines more on the middle part where Africa is! 🌎
Also, the North has lots of snow and ice ❄️, which makes it even colder!
Africa is hot because it's near the equator, where the sun's rays hit the Earth directly 🌞. The North (like the Arctic) is cold because the sun's rays are spread out over a larger area and hit the Earth at an angle, so they don't warm it as much.
The Earth is tilted, which also makes the North colder. Plus, the North has ice and snow, which reflect sunlight and keep it cool ❄️.
Africa is hot primarily because it lies near the equator, where the sun's rays strike the Earth most directly 🌍. This direct sunlight concentrates heat, making the region warmer. In contrast, the North Pole and Arctic regions receive sunlight at a low angle, spreading the same amount of energy over a larger area, which reduces its heating effect.
The Earth's axial tilt also plays a role. The North Pole is tilted away from the sun for much of the year, leading to long winters and short summers. Additionally, ice and snow in the Arctic reflect sunlight (a phenomenon called albedo), further cooling the region ❄️.
Ocean currents and wind patterns also contribute to temperature differences. For example, warm currents like the Gulf Stream help moderate temperatures in some northern areas, but the Arctic remains cold due to its isolation from these currents.