Some materials let electricity flow through them like water in a river! 🌊⚡ These are called conductors. Metals like copper and aluminum are great at this because they have tiny particles called electrons that can move easily.
Other materials, like rubber or wood, don't let electricity pass—they're called insulators. That's why we use rubber on wires to keep us safe!
Materials conduct electricity if they have free electrons—tiny particles that can move around. 🏃♂️⚡ Metals like copper and silver have lots of these, so they're great conductors!
In insulators (like rubber or glass), electrons are stuck in place, so electricity can't flow. That's why wires have metal inside but rubber outside—to keep the electricity where we want it!
When you plug in a device, electrons 'jump' from atom to atom, carrying energy. It's like a relay race where the baton is electricity!
Electrical conductivity depends on how easily electrons can move in a material. In conductors (e.g., metals), electrons are loosely bound to atoms, forming a 'sea' of free charges. When voltage is applied, they flow, creating current! ⚡
Insulators (e.g., plastic) have tightly bound electrons that resist movement. Semiconductors (like silicon) are in-between—they conduct only under certain conditions, making them perfect for computers!